Understanding Present Continuous Tense Structure

Teaching Materials: Continuous Sentences

1. Positive Sentences

Continuous sentences (also known as the present continuous tense) describe actions that are currently ongoing. The structure for positive sentences is:

Subject + am/is/are + verb(-ing) + object

Examples:

· I am reading a book.

· She is studying for her exams.

· They are playing soccer.

1. Positive Sentences in Present Continuous Tense

Pengertian:

Present Continuous Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu tindakan atau aktivitas yang sedang berlangsung saat ini (now) atau sedang terjadi di sekitar waktu pembicaraan, meskipun tidak selalu tepat saat berbicara.

Rumus Kalimat Positif:

Subject + am/is/are + verb(-ing) + object/complement

Keterangan:

· "am" digunakan untuk subjek I

· "is" digunakan untuk subjek he, she, it, singular nouns

· "are" digunakan untuk subjek you, we, they, plural nouns

Contoh Kalimat Positif:

I am reading a novel.

She is cooking dinner.

They are watching a movie.

We are cleaning the classroom.

The boy is riding a bicycle.

Penggunaan Present Continuous dalam Kehidupan Sehari-hari:

"I am writing an email."

"He is taking a shower right now."

"We are meeting the teacher at 10 a.m."

"She is staying with her aunt this week."

Catatan Tambahan:

Beberapa kata kerja tidak umum digunakan dalam bentuk continuous karena termasuk stative verbs (kata kerja statis), seperti:

· know, believe, like, love, hate, need, understand, want

Contoh yang salah:

· ✘ I am knowing the answer.
Yang benar:

· ✔ I know the answer.

2. Negative Sentences

To make a sentence negative in the continuous form, add "not" after the am/is/are.

Structure:

Subject + am/is/are + not + verb(-ing) + object

Examples:

· I am not reading a book.

· She is not studying for her exams.

· They are not playing soccer.

2. Negative Sentences in Present Continuous Tense

Pengertian:

Kalimat negatif dalam bentuk present continuous tense digunakan untuk menyatakan bahwa suatu kegiatan tidak sedang terjadi saat ini. Ini penting untuk menyampaikan penolakan, klarifikasi, atau koreksi terhadap aktivitas yang sedang dibahas.

Rumus Kalimat Negatif:

Subject + am/is/are + not + verb(-ing) + object/complement

Penjelasan Bentuk:

I am not eating lunch.

She is not watching TV.

They are not sleeping.

Kita juga bisa menggunakan bentuk kontraksi (singkatan) yang lebih umum dalam percakapan:

· is not → isn’t

· are not → aren’t

· (Tidak ada kontraksi untuk "am not")

Contoh Kalimat:

I am not working on my assignment.

He is not running in the park.

They are not listening to music.

Situasi Penggunaan Kalimat Negatif:

I am not watching TV right now.

He is not talking to her.

We are not working on that project anymore.

She isn’t studying medicine; she’s studying law.

Latihan Kecil (Ubah ke Bentuk Negatif):

1. You are doing your homework. → ______________________

2. The cat is sleeping on the sofa. → ______________________

3. I am making a sandwich. → ______________________

4. We are playing badminton. → ______________________

3. Questions

To form questions in the continuous tense, invert the am/is/are with the subject.

Structure:

Am/Is/Are + subject + verb(-ing) + object?

Examples:

· Am I reading a book?

· Is she studying for her exams?

· Are they playing soccer?

3. Questions in Present Continuous Tense

Pengertian:

Pertanyaan dalam bentuk present continuous tense digunakan untuk menanyakan apakah suatu kegiatan sedang berlangsung saat ini. Bentuk ini sering digunakan dalam percakapan sehari-hari untuk menggali informasi, menanyakan kegiatan yang sedang dilakukan, atau mengonfirmasi sesuatu.

Struktur Dasar:

Am/Is/Are + Subject + Verb(-ing) + Object + ?

Contoh:

Am I reading a book?

Is she studying for her exams?

Are they playing soccer?

Jenis Pertanyaan:

A. Yes/No Questions

Jenis pertanyaan ini hanya membutuhkan jawaban "Yes" atau "No".

Struktur:
Am/Is/Are + Subject + Verb(-ing) + Object?

Contoh:

· Are you watching TV?

o → Yes, I am. / No, I’m not.

· Is he sleeping?

o → Yes, he is. / No, he isn’t.

B. Wh- Questions

Jenis pertanyaan ini menggunakan kata tanya seperti: What, Where, When, Why, Who, How.

Struktur:
Wh- question + am/is/are + subject + verb(-ing) + (object)?

Contoh:

Apa yang sedang kamu lakukan?

Ke mana dia pergi?

Mengapa mereka berteriak?

Siapa yang sedang berbicara di telepon?

Bagaimana perasaannya hari ini?

Dialog Pendek (Contoh Percakapan Sederhana):

A: Are you working right now?
B: No, I’m not. I’m just relaxing.
A: What is your sister doing?
B: She’s baking a cake in the kitchen.

Latihan (Lengkapi atau Susun Pertanyaan):

A. Susun ulang kata berikut menjadi pertanyaan yang benar:

1. (she / is / homework / her / doing) → ____________________________

2. (are / playing / they / what) → ____________________________

3. (you / are / lunch / having) → ____________________________

B. Jawab pertanyaan berikut secara singkat (Yes/No):

1. Are we studying English now? → ____________________________

2. Is your friend waiting for you? → ____________________________

Table Summary

She is cooking dinner.

She is not cooking dinner.

Is she cooking dinner?

Practice Exercises

1. Positive Sentences: Write a positive sentence using the following words:

· (I / read / a newspaper)

· (He / work / in the garden)

· (They / watch / a movie)

2. Negative Sentences: Write a negative sentence using the following words:

· (I / not / play / chess)

· (She / not / write / a letter)

· (We / not / go / to the gym)

3. Questions: Form a question using the following words:

· (You / dance / at the party?)

· (They / study / for the test?)

· (He / play / the guitar?)

50 daftar irregular verbs lengkap dengan:
✅ Verb 1 – Verb 2 – Verb 3
✅ Simbol bunyi (IPA)
✅ Arti dalam bahasa Indonesia

📚 Daftar 50 Irregular Verb + IPA + Terjemahan

1. be – was/were – been
   /biː/ – /wɒz, wɜːr/ – /bɪn/
   → menjadi, ada

2. become – became – become
   /bɪˈkʌm/ – /bɪˈkeɪm/ – /bɪˈkʌm/
   → menjadi

3. begin – began – begun
   /bɪˈɡɪn/ – /bɪˈɡæn/ – /bɪˈɡʌn/
   → memulai

4. break – broke – broken
   /breɪk/ – /brəʊk/ – /ˈbrəʊkən/
   → memecahkan

5. bring – brought – brought
   /brɪŋ/ – /brɔːt/ – /brɔːt/
   → membawa

6. build – built – built
   /bɪld/ – /bɪlt/ – /bɪlt/
   → membangun

7. buy – bought – bought
   /baɪ/ – /bɔːt/ – /bɔːt/
   → membeli

8. catch – caught – caught
   /kætʃ/ – /kɔːt/ – /kɔːt/
   → menangkap

9. choose – chose – chosen
   /tʃuːz/ – /tʃəʊz/ – /ˈtʃəʊzən/
   → memilih

10. come – came – come
    /kʌm/ – /keɪm/ – /kʌm/
    → datang

11. cost – cost – cost
    /kɒst/ – /kɒst/ – /kɒst/
    → berharga

12. cut – cut – cut
    /kʌt/ – /kʌt/ – /kʌt/
    → memotong

13. do – did – done
    /duː/ – /dɪd/ – /dʌn/
    → melakukan

14. draw – drew – drawn
    /drɔː/ – /druː/ – /drɔːn/
    → menggambar, menarik

15. drink – drank – drunk
    /drɪŋk/ – /dræŋk/ – /drʌŋk/
    → minum

16. drive – drove – driven
    /draɪv/ – /drəʊv/ – /ˈdrɪvən/
    → mengemudi

17. eat – ate – eaten
    /iːt/ – /et/ atau /eɪt/ – /ˈiːtən/
    → makan

18. fall – fell – fallen
    /fɔːl/ – /fel/ – /ˈfɔːlən/
    → jatuh

19. feel – felt – felt
    /fiːl/ – /felt/ – /felt/
    → merasa

20. find – found – found
    /faɪnd/ – /faʊnd/ – /faʊnd/
    → menemukan

21. fly – flew – flown
    /flaɪ/ – /fluː/ – /fləʊn/
    → terbang

22. forget – forgot – forgotten
    /fəˈɡet/ – /fəˈɡɒt/ – /fəˈɡɒtn/
    → melupakan

23. get – got – gotten/got
    /ɡet/ – /ɡɒt/ – /ˈɡɒtn/
    → mendapatkan

24. give – gave – given
    /ɡɪv/ – /ɡeɪv/ – /ˈɡɪvən/
    → memberi

25. go – went – gone
    /ɡəʊ/ – /went/ – /ɡɒn/
    → pergi

26. grow – grew – grown
    /ɡrəʊ/ – /ɡruː/ – /ɡrəʊn/
    → tumbuh

27. have – had – had
    /hæv/ – /hæd/ – /hæd/
    → memiliki

28. hear – heard – heard
    /hɪə(r)/ – /hɜːd/ – /hɜːd/
    → mendengar

29. hide – hid – hidden
    /haɪd/ – /hɪd/ – /ˈhɪdn/
    → menyembunyikan

30. hold – held – held
    /həʊld/ – /held/ – /held/
    → memegang

31. keep – kept – kept
    /kiːp/ – /kept/ – /kept/
    → menjaga

32. know – knew – known
    /nəʊ/ – /njuː/ – /nəʊn/
    → mengetahui

33. leave – left – left
    /liːv/ – /left/ – /left/
    → meninggalkan

34. lend – lent – lent
    /lend/ – /lent/ – /lent/
    → meminjamkan

35. let – let – let
    /let/ – /let/ – /let/
    → membiarkan

36. lose – lost – lost
    /luːz/ – /lɒst/ – /lɒst/
    → kehilangan

37. make – made – made
    /meɪk/ – /meɪd/ – /meɪd/
    → membuat

38. mean – meant – meant
    /miːn/ – /ment/ – /ment/
    → bermaksud

39. meet – met – met
    /miːt/ – /met/ – /met/
    → bertemu

40. pay – paid – paid
    /peɪ/ – /peɪd/ – /peɪd/
    → membayar

41. put – put – put
    /pʊt/ – /pʊt/ – /pʊt/
    → meletakkan

42. read – read – read
    /riːd/ – /red/ – /red/
    → membaca

43. ride – rode – ridden
    /raɪd/ – /rəʊd/ – /ˈrɪdn/
    → menunggang

44. ring – rang – rung
    /rɪŋ/ – /ræŋ/ – /rʌŋ/
    → berdering

45. run – ran – run
    /rʌn/ – /ræn/ – /rʌn/
    → berlari

46. say – said – said
    /seɪ/ – /sed/ – /sed/
    → mengatakan

47. see – saw – seen
    /siː/ – /sɔː/ – /siːn/
    → melihat

48. sell – sold – sold
    /sel/ – /səʊld/ – /səʊld/
    → menjual

49. send – sent – sent
    /send/ – /sent/ – /sent/
    → mengirim

50. sit – sat – sat
    /sɪt/ – /sæt/ – /sæt/
    → duduk

✅ Keterangan:

• Verb 1: bentuk dasar

• Verb 2: bentuk lampau (past)

• Verb 3: past participle (untuk perfect tenses)

• /…/: simbol bunyi IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet)

50 daftar regular verbs lengkap dengan:
✅ Verb 1 – Verb 2 – Verb 3 (semua regular → Verb 2 & 3 = Verb 1 + -ed)
✅ Simbol bunyi (IPA)
✅ Arti dalam Bahasa Indonesia

📚 Daftar 50 Regular Verb + IPA + Terjemahan

1. accept – accepted – accepted
   /əkˈsept/ – /əkˈseptɪd/ – /əkˈseptɪd/
   → menerima

2. add – added – added
   /æd/ – /ˈædɪd/ – /ˈædɪd/
   → menambahkan

3. answer – answered – answered
   /ˈɑːnsə(r)/ – /ˈɑːnsəd/ – /ˈɑːnsəd/
   → menjawab

4. ask – asked – asked
   /ɑːsk/ – /ɑːskt/ – /ɑːskt/
   → bertanya

5. bake – baked – baked
   /beɪk/ – /beɪkt/ – /beɪkt/
   → memanggang

6. believe – believed – believed
   /bɪˈliːv/ – /bɪˈliːvd/ – /bɪˈliːvd/
   → percaya

7. call – called – called
   /kɔːl/ – /kɔːld/ – /kɔːld/
   → memanggil

8. clean – cleaned – cleaned
   /kliːn/ – /kliːnd/ – /kliːnd/
   → membersihkan

9. close – closed – closed
   /kləʊz/ – /kləʊzd/ – /kləʊzd/
   → menutup

10. compare – compared – compared
    /kəmˈpeə(r)/ – /kəmˈpeəd/ – /kəmˈpeəd/
    → membandingkan

11. cook – cooked – cooked
    /kʊk/ – /kʊkt/ – /kʊkt/
    → memasak

12. dance – danced – danced
    /dɑːns/ – /dɑːnst/ – /dɑːnst/
    → menari

13. deliver – delivered – delivered
    /dɪˈlɪvə(r)/ – /dɪˈlɪvəd/ – /dɪˈlɪvəd/
    → mengantar

14. discover – discovered – discovered
    /dɪˈskʌvə(r)/ – /dɪˈskʌvəd/ – /dɪˈskʌvəd/
    → menemukan

15. enjoy – enjoyed – enjoyed
    /ɪnˈdʒɔɪ/ – /ɪnˈdʒɔɪd/ – /ɪnˈdʒɔɪd/
    → menikmati

16. explain – explained – explained
    /ɪkˈspleɪn/ – /ɪkˈspleɪnd/ – /ɪkˈspleɪnd/
    → menjelaskan

17. finish – finished – finished
    /ˈfɪnɪʃ/ – /ˈfɪnɪʃt/ – /ˈfɪnɪʃt/
    → menyelesaikan

18. follow – followed – followed
    /ˈfɒləʊ/ – /ˈfɒləʊd/ – /ˈfɒləʊd/
    → mengikuti

19. hate – hated – hated
    /heɪt/ – /ˈheɪtɪd/ – /ˈheɪtɪd/
    → membenci

20. help – helped – helped
    /help/ – /helpt/ – /helpt/
    → membantu

21. hope – hoped – hoped
    /həʊp/ – /həʊpt/ – /həʊpt/
    → berharap

22. imagine – imagined – imagined
    /ɪˈmædʒɪn/ – /ɪˈmædʒɪnd/ – /ɪˈmædʒɪnd/
    → membayangkan

23. invite – invited – invited
    /ɪnˈvaɪt/ – /ɪnˈvaɪtɪd/ – /ɪnˈvaɪtɪd/
    → mengundang

24. join – joined – joined
    /dʒɔɪn/ – /dʒɔɪnd/ – /dʒɔɪnd/
    → bergabung

25. jump – jumped – jumped
    /dʒʌmp/ – /dʒʌmpt/ – /dʒʌmpt/
    → melompat

26. kill – killed – killed
    /kɪl/ – /kɪld/ – /kɪld/
    → membunuh

27. kiss – kissed – kissed
    /kɪs/ – /kɪst/ – /kɪst/
    → mencium

28. laugh – laughed – laughed
    /lɑːf/ – /lɑːft/ – /lɑːft/
    → tertawa

29. learn – learned – learned
    /lɜːn/ – /lɜːnd/ – /lɜːnd/
    → belajar

30. like – liked – liked
    /laɪk/ – /laɪkt/ – /laɪkt/
    → menyukai

31. listen – listened – listened
    /ˈlɪsn/ – /ˈlɪsənd/ – /ˈlɪsənd/
    → mendengarkan

32. love – loved – loved
    /lʌv/ – /lʌvd/ – /lʌvd/
    → mencintai

33. need – needed – needed
    /niːd/ – /ˈniːdɪd/ – /ˈniːdɪd/
    → membutuhkan

34. open – opened – opened
    /ˈəʊpən/ – /ˈəʊpənd/ – /ˈəʊpənd/
    → membuka

35. paint – painted – painted
    /peɪnt/ – /ˈpeɪntɪd/ – /ˈpeɪntɪd/
    → melukis

36. plan – planned – planned
    /plæn/ – /plænd/ – /plænd/
    → merencanakan

37. play – played – played
    /pleɪ/ – /pleɪd/ – /pleɪd/
    → bermain

38. prefer – preferred – preferred
    /prɪˈfɜː(r)/ – /prɪˈfɜːd/ – /prɪˈfɜːd/
    → lebih suka

39. pull – pulled – pulled
    /pʊl/ – /pʊld/ – /pʊld/
    → menarik

40. push – pushed – pushed
    /pʊʃ/ – /pʊʃt/ – /pʊʃt/
    → mendorong

41. rain – rained – rained
    /reɪn/ – /reɪnd/ – /reɪnd/
    → hujan

42. reach – reached – reached
    /riːtʃ/ – /riːtʃt/ – /riːtʃt/
    → mencapai

43. remember – remembered – remembered
    /rɪˈmembə(r)/ – /rɪˈmembəd/ – /rɪˈmembəd/
    → mengingat

44. repeat – repeated – repeated
    /rɪˈpiːt/ – /rɪˈpiːtɪd/ – /rɪˈpiːtɪd/
    → mengulang

45. return – returned – returned
    /rɪˈtɜːn/ – /rɪˈtɜːnd/ – /rɪˈtɜːnd/
    → kembali

46. save – saved – saved
    /seɪv/ – /seɪvd/ – /seɪvd/
    → menyimpan, menyelamatkan

47. share – shared – shared
    /ʃeə(r)/ – /ʃeəd/ – /ʃeəd/
    → berbagi

48. show – showed – showed
    /ʃəʊ/ – /ʃəʊd/ – /ʃəʊd/
    → menunjukkan

49. smile – smiled – smiled
    /smaɪl/ – /smaɪld/ – /smaɪld/
    → tersenyum

50. talk – talked – talked
    /tɔːk/ – /tɔːkt/ – /tɔːkt/
    → berbicara

✅ Semua regular verbs → bentuk Verb 2 & 3 selalu dengan -ed
✅ Simbol IPA membantumu tahu cara pengucapan