Chapter 6 — Verbs, Tenses, and Auxiliary Verbs

Peningkatan Kapasitas Bahasa Inggris untuk Calon Pekerja Migran Indonesia Tahun 2026

A. Learning Objectives (Tujuan Pembelajaran)

After studying this chapter, students are expected to be able to:

Setelah mempelajari bab ini, peserta diharapkan mampu:

1. Understand and use the present perfect tense with have and has correctly.
Memahami dan menggunakan present perfect tense dengan have dan has secara tepat.

2. Explain the use of for and since to describe duration and starting points.
Menjelaskan penggunaan for dan since untuk menyatakan durasi dan titik awal waktu.

3. Express future plans, predictions, and intentions using will and going to.
Mengungkapkan rencana, prediksi, dan niat pada masa depan menggunakan will dan going to.

4. Distinguish between infinitives and imperative sentences.
Membedakan infinitive dan kalimat perintah.

5. Use can, could, may, and might to express ability, requests, permission, and possibility.
Menggunakan can, could, may, dan might untuk menyatakan kemampuan, permintaan, izin, dan kemungkinan.

6. Apply these grammatical structures in workplace communication, particularly in domestic work, hospitality, caregiving, and other migrant-worker settings.
Menerapkan struktur tata bahasa tersebut dalam komunikasi di tempat kerja, khususnya pekerjaan rumah tangga, perhotelan, perawatan lansia, dan bidang pekerjaan migran lainnya.

B. Introduction (Pendahuluan)

English

Verbs are words that express actions, activities, states, or situations. Tenses help us explain when an action happens, whether it happened in the past, is happening now, or will happen in the future. Auxiliary verbs are helping verbs that work with main verbs to express meanings such as time, ability, permission, and possibility.

For Indonesian migrant workers, understanding verbs and tenses is important for following workplace instructions, explaining previous work experience, describing daily responsibilities, making plans, and communicating politely with employers, supervisors, coworkers, and clients.

Bahasa Indonesia

Kata kerja (verbs) adalah kata yang menyatakan tindakan, aktivitas, keadaan, atau situasi. Tenses membantu kita menjelaskan kapan suatu tindakan terjadi, apakah terjadi pada masa lalu, sedang berlangsung sekarang, atau akan terjadi pada masa depan. Auxiliary verbs adalah kata kerja bantu yang digunakan bersama kata kerja utama untuk menyatakan makna seperti waktu, kemampuan, izin, dan kemungkinan.

Bagi pekerja migran Indonesia, pemahaman tentang kata kerja dan tenses sangat penting untuk mengikuti instruksi kerja, menjelaskan pengalaman kerja sebelumnya, mendeskripsikan tanggung jawab sehari-hari, membuat rencana, serta berkomunikasi dengan sopan kepada pemberi kerja, supervisor, rekan kerja, dan klien.

PART 1 — PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

1.1. Definition (Pengertian)

English

The present perfect tense is used to describe an action or experience that happened in the past but has a connection to the present. It can also describe an action or situation that started in the past and continues until now.

Bahasa Indonesia

Present perfect tense digunakan untuk menjelaskan tindakan atau pengalaman yang terjadi pada masa lalu tetapi memiliki hubungan dengan keadaan sekarang. Tense ini juga dapat digunakan untuk menyatakan tindakan atau keadaan yang dimulai pada masa lalu dan masih berlangsung hingga sekarang.

Examples (Contoh):

- I have worked in a hotel before.

Saya pernah bekerja di hotel sebelumnya.

- She has finished her duties.

Dia sudah menyelesaikan tugas-tugasnya.

- We have lived here for three years.

Kami telah tinggal di sini selama tiga tahun.

- He has worked as a caregiver since 2022.

Dia telah bekerja sebagai pengasuh sejak tahun 2022.

1.2. Sentence Patterns (Pola Kalimat)

A. Positive Sentences (Kalimat Positif)

Subject + have/has + Verb 3 (past participle)

Subject (Subjek)

Auxiliary

Example

I

have

I have finished my work.

You

have

You have cleaned the room.

We

have

We have completed the task.

They

have

They have arrived.

He

has

He has washed the dishes.

She

has

She has prepared breakfast.

It

has

It has stopped raining.

Bahasa Indonesia: Saya sudah menyelesaikan pekerjaan saya. Kamu sudah membersihkan kamar. Kami sudah menyelesaikan tugas.

B. Negative Sentences (Kalimat Negatif)

Subject + have/has + not + Verb 3

• I have not finished my work. — Saya belum menyelesaikan pekerjaan saya.

• She has not arrived yet. — Dia belum tiba.

• They have not cleaned the kitchen. — Mereka belum membersihkan dapur.

• He hasn't called the supervisor. — Dia belum menelepon supervisor.

C. Interrogative Sentences (Kalimat Tanya)

Have/Has + subject + Verb 3?

• Have you finished your work? — Apakah kamu sudah menyelesaikan pekerjaanmu?

• Has she prepared the food? — Apakah dia sudah menyiapkan makanan?

• Have they arrived at the office? — Apakah mereka sudah tiba di kantor?

• Has he cleaned the bathroom? — Apakah dia sudah membersihkan kamar mandi?

1.3. When Do We Use Have and Has?

Use have with I, you, we, and they.

Gunakan have dengan subjek I, you, we, dan they.

- I have learned English.

Saya telah belajar bahasa Inggris.

- You have completed the training.

Kamu telah menyelesaikan pelatihan.

- We have prepared the documents.

Kami telah menyiapkan dokumen-dokumen.

- They have returned home.

Mereka telah pulang ke rumah.

Use has with he, she, and it.

Gunakan has dengan subjek he, she, dan it.

- He has worked in Singapore.

Dia telah bekerja di Singapura.

- She has prepared the patient's medicine.

Dia telah menyiapkan obat pasien.

- The washing machine has stopped working.

Mesin cuci itu telah berhenti bekerja.

Important note (Catatan penting): Setelah have atau has, gunakan Verb 3, bukan Verb 1 atau Verb 2.

Verb 1

Verb 2

Verb 3

Arti

Work

Worked

Worked

Bekerja

Clean

Cleaned

Cleaned

Membersihkan

Go

Went

Gone

Pergi

Eat

Ate

Eaten

Makan

Write

Wrote

Written

Menulis

Speak

Spoke

Spoken

Berbicara

Do

Did

Done

Melakukan

See

Saw

Seen

Melihat

Take

Took

Taken

Mengambil

Finish

Finished

Finished

Menyelesaikan

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